There has been a revolutionary changes in the job nature of engineers over the past few decades. The boundary of the engineering work has been extended beyong the traditional engineering and technology in a maufacturing settings. There are systems, industrial and management engineers nowadays whose primarily functions are to assist and improve the overall organisational effectiveness, efficiency and economy, strategy management, communication, and knowledge transfer on top of the traditional production or manufacturing activities. The latter two category of engineers are employed in the non-manufacturing sectors or NGOs, like the financial institutions, hospitals, and large corporation HQs for corporate decision making purposes.
